🇺🇸 Vermont UNEMPLOYMENT — 2026 UPDATE

Vermont Unemployment Benefits 2026

⚠️Informational only — not legal or tax advice.

Last Updated: January 29, 2026
Last Reviewed: January 29, 2026
Applicable Period: 2026
Jurisdiction: State of Vermont, United States
Update Schedule: Quarterly reviews in 2026; annual reviews thereafter

Unemployment Vermont benefits 2026

Table of Contents

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Introduction

Unemployment benefits in Vermont provide temporary income replacement for eligible workers who lose employment through no fault of their own. The program is administered by the Vermont Department of Labor and funded through employer taxes under state and federal law.

Program authority: Vermont Unemployment Compensation Law, 21 V.S.A. Chapter 17
Administering agency: Vermont Department of Labor
Official website: https://labor.vermont.gov/unemployment-insurance

This guide provides comprehensive information on Vermont unemployment benefits for 2026, including eligibility requirements, benefit amounts, filing procedures, weekly certification requirements, and appeal processes. All information is compiled from official government sources.

Sources: Vermont statutes, Vermont Department of Labor official guidance, U.S. Department of Labor

Vermont Unemployment Benefits – 2026 Quick Reference
Category 2026 Information Official Source
Maximum Weekly Benefit $705 21 V.S.A. § 1340; Vermont DOL
Minimum Weekly Benefit $72 21 V.S.A. § 1340
Standard Duration 26 weeks 21 V.S.A. § 1340
Waiting Week Required No 21 V.S.A. § 1343
Filing Portal Vermont DOL Claimant Portal uipublic01.labor.vermont.gov
Filing Method Phone or online (weekly claims online) Vermont DOL
Certification Frequency Weekly Vermont DOL
Work Search Required 3 contacts per week Vermont DOL work search requirements
Appeal Deadline 30 days from mailing 21 V.S.A. § 1348
Payment Methods Direct deposit, debit card, check Vermont DOL
Tax Withholding Available Federal: Yes (10%) / State: Yes Vermont DOL

ℹ️ Key Unemployment Insurance Terms

Common terms used throughout this guide:

Term Definition
Claimant Individual filing for unemployment benefits
Base Period Four successive calendar quarters used to determine monetary eligibility (typically first 4 of last 5 completed quarters)
Benefit Year 52-week period beginning when claim is filed
Weekly Benefit Amount (WBA) Amount payable each week if eligible
Maximum Benefit Amount (MBA) Total benefits available during benefit year
Monetary Determination Decision on benefit amounts based on wage history
Non-Monetary Determination Decision on eligibility based on separation reason and ongoing requirements
Adjudication Investigation and decision-making process for eligibility issues
Suitable Work Employment appropriate for claimant's skills, experience, and labor market
Overpayment Benefits paid that claimant was not entitled to receive
Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) Appeals referee who conducts hearings on disputed determinations

Source: Vermont Department of Labor terminology guide

Overview of Unemployment Benefits in Vermont

Program Purpose

Unemployment insurance in Vermont provides temporary income replacement for workers who become unemployed through no fault of their own. The program operates as a federal-state partnership, with Vermont administering benefits according to state law while meeting federal requirements.

Legal framework:

  • State law: Vermont Unemployment Compensation Law, 21 V.S.A. Chapter 17
  • Federal law: Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA), 26 U.S.C. § 3301
  • Funding: Employer payroll taxes (no employee contribution)

Vermont’s unemployment insurance program has been in existence since 1939 and is designed to provide short-term replacement of lost wages to individuals who are unemployed through no fault of their own. The program is not intended to be a permanent source of income.

Source: 21 V.S.A. Chapter 17; FUTA at https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section3301; Vermont Department of Labor Claimant Handbook

Administering Agency

Vermont Department of Labor

Vermont’s unemployment insurance program is administered by the Vermont Department of Labor.

Contact information:

Source: Vermont Department of Labor official website

Who Is Eligible for Unemployment Benefits in Vermont

Employment Status Requirements

To qualify for unemployment benefits in Vermont, individuals must have worked in covered employment during the base period.

Covered employment definition:

According to 21 V.S.A. § 1301, covered employment means service performed for wages under any contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied. Covered employment generally includes most private sector jobs, government positions, and nonprofit organizations with sufficient employee counts.

Excluded categories:

  • Independent contractors (unless misclassified)
  • Self-employed individuals
  • Certain agricultural workers under specified conditions
  • Domestic workers in private homes under specified conditions
  • Elected officials
  • Students working for educational institution while enrolled and regularly attending classes
  • Federal civilian employees (covered under UCFE program)
  • Military personnel (covered under UCX program)

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1301 (employment definitions); Vermont Claimant Handbook

Earnings and Work History Requirements

Base Period Definition:

The base period in Vermont is typically the first four of the last five completed calendar quarters before filing the claim.

Example: Claim filed in January 2026

  • Standard base period: October 2024 – September 2025
  • Alternative base period methods may apply if standard fails

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1301(17)

Monetary Eligibility Methods:

Vermont uses multiple methods to determine monetary eligibility:

Method One (Standard Base Period): The first four of the last five completed calendar quarters. To be monetarily eligible:

  • Must have been paid at least the minimum quarter amount in one calendar quarter
  • Must have been paid wages equal to at least 40% of highest quarter in the remaining three calendar quarters of the base period

Method Two (Alternate Base Period): If not eligible under Method One, the department uses the last four completed calendar quarters preceding the claim date.

  • Same wage requirements apply

Method Three (Current Quarter Method): If not eligible under Methods One or Two, the department uses the last three completed calendar quarters and wages paid in the current quarter up to the claim date.

  • Available to all claimants who do not qualify under other methods
  • Same minimum wage requirements apply

Method Four (Workers’ Compensation Recipients): Available only to individuals who have been receiving Workers’ Compensation benefits because of temporary total disability.

  • Must file claim within six months after termination of temporary total disability period
  • Must not be monetarily eligible under other methods
  • Must meet all other eligibility requirements

Any time a worker becomes monetarily eligible under Method One, benefits must be paid under this method.

Minimum monetary requirements (2026): The minimum quarter amount is adjusted annually based on minimum wage changes. Claimants must meet the qualifying wage thresholds in their base period to establish monetary eligibility.

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1340; Vermont Department of Labor calculating benefits page

Separation From Employment Requirements

Qualifying separations (eligible for benefits):

The following types of job separation qualify for unemployment benefits in Vermont:

  • Layoff due to lack of work
  • Business closure or downsizing
  • Position elimination
  • Reduction in hours
  • Temporary layoff with indefinite recall
  • Discharge not due to misconduct

Disqualifying separations:

According to 21 V.S.A. § 1344, benefits are denied if unemployment results from:

1. Voluntary quit without good cause

Claimants who leave employment voluntarily without good cause attributable to the employing unit are disqualified until:

  • Starting new employment with a bona fide employer
  • Earning in excess of six times the weekly benefit amount
  • Becoming unemployed through no fault of their own

An individual suffers no more than one disqualification by reason of such separation.

Good cause exceptions: Vermont recognizes good cause for voluntary separation when accompanying a spouse who:

  • Is on active duty with U.S. Armed Forces
  • Is required to relocate due to permanent change of station orders, activation orders, or unit deployment orders
  • When such relocation would make it impractical or impossible to continue employment

2. Discharge for misconduct

Simple misconduct: Disqualification of 10 weeks. In addition, a cap on the maximum number of weeks to be claimed in a benefit year is imposed not to exceed 23 full weeks.

Gross misconduct: Disqualified until starting new employment, earning six times the weekly benefit amount, and becoming unemployed through no fault of their own. Separation for gross misconduct prohibits the use of wages earned from the separating employer for calculation of weekly benefit amount for current and future claims.

3. Refusal of suitable work

Claimants who refuse an offer of suitable work without good cause face disqualification.

4. Labor dispute participation

Total or partial unemployment due to stoppage of work because of a labor dispute results in disqualification, unless:

  • The individual is not participating in or financing or directly interested in the labor dispute that caused the stoppage of work, or
  • The stoppage of work was due solely to a lockout effected by the employer to gain concessions from employees

A lockout does not include temporary suspension of work in response to actual or imminent damage to property or a purposeful effort by employees to reduce productivity.

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1344 (disqualification provisions); Vermont Department of Labor Claims Adjudication Process

Able and Available Requirements

To remain eligible for benefits, claimants must be able to work and available for work. This means:

  • Physically and mentally capable of performing work
  • Available for suitable employment
  • Ready, willing, and able to accept suitable work when offered
  • Not imposing restrictions that unreasonably limit employment opportunities

Limitations placed on availability for employment have the effect of circumscribing the labor market to which the claimant asserts attachment. If imposed conditions are used to justify refusal of suitable employment yet have no sound causal basis, benefits may be denied.

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1343; Vermont case law

Who Is Not Eligible for Unemployment Benefits in Vermont

The following categories of workers are generally not covered by Vermont’s unemployment insurance program:

Categorical exclusions:

1. Self-employed individuals Individuals working for themselves are not covered by Vermont unemployment insurance.

2. Independent contractors Workers classified as independent contractors rather than employees are not covered. Note: Misclassified workers may appeal classification and seek coverage if they were actually employees.

3. Certain students Students employed by educational institutions while enrolled and regularly attending classes are generally excluded.

4. Federal civilian employees Covered under Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) program, not state UI.
UCFE information: https://oui.doleta.gov/unemploy/ucfe_serco.asp

5. Military personnel Covered under Unemployment Compensation for Ex-Servicemembers (UCX) program.
UCX information: https://oui.doleta.gov/unemploy/ucx_serco.asp

6. Domestic service workers under threshold Domestic workers in private homes earning below specified thresholds may be excluded.

7. Agricultural workers under specified conditions Certain agricultural employment is excluded under federal and state law.

8. Elected officials Services performed by elected officials are excluded.

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1301 (excluded services); Vermont Department of Labor guidance; federal UI law

How Unemployment Benefit Amounts Are Calculated in Vermont

Weekly Benefit Amount (WBA)

Calculation formula:

Vermont calculates the weekly benefit amount by dividing the total wages paid in the two highest quarters in the base period by 45. The result is rounded to the next whole dollar.

Formula: (Highest Quarter Wages + Second Highest Quarter Wages) ÷ 45 = Weekly Benefit Amount

For 2026:

  • Minimum WBA: $72
  • Maximum WBA: $705
  • Benefit year duration: The weekly benefit amount is capped each year for the period beginning July 1st through June 30th of the following year

Example calculation:

If a claimant earned:

  • Highest quarter: $10,000
  • Second highest quarter: $8,000
  • Total of two highest quarters: $18,000

Weekly Benefit Amount = $18,000 ÷ 45 = $400 per week

Partial unemployment:

Claimants working part-time may receive reduced benefits. Vermont disregards one-half of gross wages when determining partial benefits. This means:

  • If earning less than WBA, benefit amount is reduced by one-half of the wages earned
  • Part-time earnings up to certain thresholds do not completely eliminate benefits

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1340; Vermont Department of Labor calculating benefits page

Maximum Benefit Amount and Duration

Maximum benefit amount (MBA):

The maximum benefit amount is the total benefits available during the benefit year. According to 21 V.S.A. § 1340, the maximum number of weeks an individual can receive in a benefit year is calculated based on the weekly benefit amount.

Standard benefit duration: Up to 26 weeks

Variable duration factors (effective July 1, 2011): Maximum duration is the lesser of:

  • 46% of base period wages, OR
  • 26 times the weekly benefit amount

Findings of misconduct result in maximum duration not exceeding 23 full weeks.

Maximum total benefits (2026): Up to $18,330 (based on maximum WBA of $705 × 26 weeks)

Benefit year: Benefits are payable within a 52-week benefit year beginning the Sunday of the week the claim is filed. Once a claim is filed, it cannot be withdrawn.

Extended Benefits (EB) program:

Additional weeks of benefits may be available when Vermont’s unemployment rate triggers the federal-state Extended Benefits program. EB provides up to 13 additional weeks when unemployment rates meet federal trigger criteria.

Current EB status: Inactive as of January 2026
Status verification: https://oui.doleta.gov/unemploy/eb.asp

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1340 (duration); EUCA § 202 (EB); Vermont Department of Labor

Dependents Allowance

Vermont does not provide dependent allowances for unemployment benefits. The weekly benefit amount is not increased based on the number of dependents a claimant supports.

Source: 21 V.S.A. Chapter 17; Vermont statutes reviewed

Unemployment Benefit Payment Schedule in Vermont

Payment Process and Timeline
Phase Timeframe Details
Weekly Certification Window Sunday 12:01am through Friday 4:00pm File certification for previous week
Processing Time 1–3 business days Time for Vermont DOL to process certification and verify eligibility
Payment Authorization 2–5 business days after processing Payment approved and sent to payment method
Direct Deposit 2–3 business days Funds available in bank account
Debit Card 2–3 business days Funds loaded to unemployment debit card
Paper Check 5–10 business days Check mailed to address on file
Total Timeline 3–4 weeks from initial filing Typical time from initial claim to first payment

Waiting week impact:

Vermont does not require a waiting week. Benefits are payable beginning with the first week of total or partial unemployment if the claimant is otherwise eligible.

Payment schedule:

  • Weekly certifications must be filed each week for the prior week
  • The earliest a claimant can file a weekly claim is 12:01 a.m. on the Sunday following the week being claimed
  • Claims must be filed by 4:00 p.m. on the Friday following the week being claimed
  • Late filings may result in delayed or denied benefits

Unemployment compensation benefits are paid for the seven-day period beginning on Sunday and ending on Saturday.

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1343 (no waiting week); Vermont Department of Labor filing instructions

How to File an Unemployment Claim in Vermont

Initial Claim Filing Methods

Vermont requires initial claims to be filed by phone. Weekly claims can be filed online or by phone.

Initial Claims Phone Line:

  • Number: 1-877-214-3330
  • Hours: Monday-Thursday 8:30am-4:00pm, Friday 9:00am-4:00pm
  • Method: Customer Service Representative assists with filing process

Important notes:

  • An email address is required to establish an initial claim
  • Claimants receive email communications from the Department regarding claim and payment information
  • A claim becomes effective when filed, so waiting to file means benefits cannot go back to the date of first unemployment
  • Once a claim is filed, it cannot be withdrawn

Source: Vermont Department of Labor establishing unemployment claim page

Step-by-Step Initial Claim Filing Process

1. Prepare required information (see Required Documents section below)

2. Call initial claims line at 1-877-214-3330 during operating hours

3. Provide information to representative:

  • Personal identification information
  • Social Security number
  • Employment history for last 18 months
  • Reason for separation from employment
  • Contact information including email address

4. Certify understanding of responsibilities and rights: Claimants must certify they have read and understand their Responsibilities and Rights as outlined in the Vermont Claimant Handbook.

5. Receive confirmation: After establishing the initial claim, claimants receive a confirmation and will receive:

  • Monetary determination letter (typically within 7-10 days)
  • Email confirmation with instructions for filing weekly claims

6. Register with Vermont JobLink: Claimants are required to register for work in Vermont JobLink system at www.vermontjoblink.com. Failure to register may result in delayed or denied benefits.

Access to weekly claims filing: UI claimants will not have access to the online portal or be able to file a claim over the phone until the Sunday after the claim has been established.

First weekly claim timing:

  • If initial claim filed Monday-Thursday: File first weekly claim the following Sunday or any day after that up to Friday at 4pm
  • If initial claim filed Friday or Saturday: File first weekly claim the following Tuesday or any day after that, up to Friday at 4pm

Source: Vermont Department of Labor Step-by-Step guide; Vermont Claimant Handbook

Online Weekly Claims Filing (After Initial Claim Established)

Filing portal: Vermont Department of Labor Claimant Portal
URL: https://uipublic01.labor.vermont.gov/Claimantportal/portal/login.aspx
Availability: Sunday 12:01am through Friday 4:00pm each week

Access requirements:

  • Social Security Number
  • Personal Identification Number (PIN) – established on first online use
  • Email account for notifications

Portal features:

  • File weekly claims
  • Re-open existing claim
  • Enroll or update direct deposit information
  • View benefit information including WBA, remaining balance, check issue dates
  • View 1099 tax information

Multi-Factor Authentication: Vermont has implemented Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for claimant portal access, requiring two or more verification factors such as phone call, text message, or email authentication.

Source: Vermont Department of Labor Claimant Portal; Vermont DOL myVermont system information

Phone Weekly Claims Filing

Weekly Claims Line:

  • Number: 1-800-983-2300 (Automated system)
  • Hours: Sunday: 24 hours; Monday-Friday: 5:00am-4:30pm
  • Method: Automated voice response system

Important: If filing by phone, do not hang up prior to the system saying “good-bye” or the claim will not be processed.

Source: Vermont Department of Labor contact information

Required Documents and Information for Filing

Personal Identification

  • Social Security number or Social Security card
  • Driver’s license or state-issued ID
  • Date of birth
  • Contact information (phone, email, mailing address)
  • Email address (required for initial claim)

Employment Documentation

Last employer information:

  • Employer name, address, and phone number
  • Dates of employment
  • Reason for separation
  • Last day worked
  • Separation notice if available (layoff letter, termination notice, furlough notice)

All employers in last 18 months:

  • Complete employment history including employer names, addresses, dates, and reasons for separation

Banking Information (for direct deposit – optional)

  • Bank routing number
  • Account number
  • Account type (checking or savings)

Additional Documentation (if applicable)

  • Work authorization documents (non-U.S. citizens)
  • DD Form 214 (military service members)
  • SF-8 or SF-50 (federal civilian employees)
  • Union documentation (if union member)
  • Alien registration number (if not U.S. citizen)

Most documents can be provided during the phone interview when establishing the initial claim. Some additional documentation may need to be submitted after filing if requested by the Department.

Source: Vermont Department of Labor initial application requirements; Vermont Claimant Handbook

Weekly Certification and Ongoing Eligibility Requirements

Certification Process

Certification frequency: Weekly

Filing window:

  • Earliest: Sunday at 12:01 a.m. following the week being claimed
  • Latest: Friday at 4:00 p.m. following the week being claimed

Method:

  • Primary: Online through Vermont DOL Claimant Portal
  • Alternate: Phone via automated system at 1-800-983-2300
  • Note: Claimants required to report work search must file online

Each weekly certification requires answering questions about the previous week:

  • Were you able and available to work?
  • Did you actively search for work?
  • Did you refuse any job offers?
  • Did you work or earn any money?
  • Were you attending school or training?
  • Did you quit a job during the week?
  • Were you fired from a job during the week?
  • Did you receive a back pay award or settlement?

Late filing: If a weekly claim is not filed by 4:00 p.m. on Friday following the week being claimed, claimants must contact the Claimant Assistance Line at 1-877-214-3332.

Missed weekly claims: If claimants stop filing or miss filing a weekly claim, they must reopen the claim online or by calling the Initial Claims line at 1-877-214-3330 before resuming weekly claims.

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1343; Vermont Department of Labor About Filing Your Weekly UI Claim

Work Search Requirements

Required work search activities:

Vermont requires claimants to conduct active work search and complete three qualified job contacts (or activities) each week while collecting benefits.

Qualifying work search activities:

  1. Submitting job application to potential employer
  2. Attending job interview (virtual or in-person)
  3. Requesting interview via email or phone
  4. Contacting former employer to see if able to return to work (can only use once within 5-week period)
  5. Inquiring about open position or job posting that results in application for work
  6. Part-time work (counts as one contact if working part-time)

Invalid work search activities:

  • Applying for the same job more than once in a five-week period
  • Browsing online job boards without applying
  • Calling a business and asking if hiring without discussing specific position
  • Posting resume on employment website without applying to specific positions
  • Creating Vermont JobLink account

Documentation required:

For each work search activity, claimants must record:

  • Date of contact with business/employer
  • Name of business/employer contacted
  • Method of contact (phone, online, in-person, email)
  • Position applied for or discussed
  • Name of contact person (if applicable)
  • Result or outcome of contact

Reporting method: Work search information must be entered when filing weekly claims through the online portal. A new page in the claimant portal collects this information.

Audit process:

The Vermont Department of Labor conducts random audits of work search activities. Claimants must maintain records of work search contacts for one year for auditing purposes. Failure to document work search may result in denial of benefits for that week and may require repayment of benefits received.

Source: Vermont Department of Labor UI Claimant Work Search page; Vermont work search requirements

Work Search Exemptions

The following claimants are exempt from work search requirements:

1. Temporary layoff with definite recall date Claimants with a specific return-to-work date from their employer may be exempt.

2. Union hiring hall dispatch Members of unions with hiring hall arrangements may be exempt if properly documented.

3. Approved training program participants Claimants enrolled in approved training programs with Department authorization.

4. Disability accommodation seekers Claimants with disabilities utilizing assistance of Vermont Division of Vocational Rehabilitation or other state agencies may be relieved from active work search requirements during the period the agency is working with or on behalf of the claimant to help prepare for and secure new employment. Claimants must remain able to work and available for suitable work if offered. Approval of the Manager of the Unemployment Insurance Claims Center is required.

5. COVID-19 related exemptions (if applicable during emergencies) Exemptions may be granted for individuals quarantining, lacking childcare, or with children in remote learning during declared emergencies.

Each exemption requires verification and approval by the Vermont Department of Labor.

Source: Vermont Department of Labor work search guidance; Vermont Administrative Rules

Suitable Work Definition

Vermont defines suitable work as work that claimants are qualified to do based on skills, work experience, and employment history, and that pays at least the prevailing wage rate for the type of job in the local labor market.

Suitable work factors:

  • Prior training and experience
  • Prior earnings
  • Physical fitness
  • Length of unemployment
  • Local job market conditions in usual occupation
  • Length of commute

Wage expectations:

  • Initially: Expected to accept positions offering up to 10% less than previous wages
  • The longer unemployed: Jobs paying less than last position gradually become more suitable
  • Work searches become more intensive and expansive with longer unemployment

Refusal of suitable work: Refusing suitable work without good cause results in disqualification from benefits. Claimants may be required to repay benefits received before refusing a suitable position.

Source: Vermont Department of Labor work search page; Vermont Claimant Handbook

Vermont JobLink Registration Requirement

Claimants are required to register for work in the Vermont Department of Labor’s Vermont JobLink system.

Registration: www.vermontjoblink.com

  • Click “Find a Job”
  • Click “Create an Account”
  • Complete registration information

Alternative: Visit a Vermont Department of Labor Career Resource Center for assistance with registration.

Failure to register in Vermont JobLink as directed may result in delayed unemployment insurance benefits and may result in denial or overpayment of benefits.

Source: Vermont Claimant Handbook; Vermont Department of Labor

What Happens After Filing a Claim

Claim Processing Steps

1. Initial claim received Vermont Department of Labor receives application by phone.

2. Employer notification Former employer receives notice of claim and has opportunity to respond with separation information.

3. Monetary determination issued Document showing base period wages, weekly benefit amount, maximum benefit amount, and benefit year dates. Typically issued within 7-10 days of filing.

4. Non-monetary determination (if needed) If eligibility questions exist, the Department conducts investigation through fact-finding process. Timeline varies based on complexity.

5. Weekly claim filing begins Claimants can begin filing weekly claims starting the Sunday after the initial claim is established (or Tuesday if filed on Friday/Saturday).

6. First payment If approved with no issues, payment issued for completed weeks after processing weekly certifications.

Typical timeline:

  • Monetary determination: 7-10 days after filing
  • Non-monetary determination: 60-90 days (if required)
  • First payment: 3-4 weeks if no issues

The average time from establishing a claim to receiving a fully-adjudicated eligibility determination can typically take between 60-90 days when adjudication is required.

Source: Vermont Department of Labor claims processing information; Vermont DOL Claims Adjudication Process page

Monetary Determination

The monetary determination document shows:

  • Base period wages by quarter and employer
  • Weekly Benefit Amount (WBA)
  • Maximum Benefit Amount (MBA)
  • Benefit year beginning and ending dates

If information is missing (such as wages from another state or from a Vermont employer), claimants receive additional monetary redeterminations as the Department obtains this information.

If a claimant did not work for any employers indicated on the notice, or if wage amounts are incorrect or missing, contact Claimant Assistance at 1-877-214-3332.

Source: Vermont Department of Labor Claims Adjudication Process

Non-Monetary Determination

A non-monetary determination is issued when eligibility questions exist regarding:

  • Reason for separation from employment
  • Availability for work
  • Refusal of work
  • Work search compliance
  • Other disqualifying issues

Investigation process:

  • Fact-finding interview scheduled (phone or in-person)
  • Claimant and employer (if applicable) provide information
  • Evidence submitted and reviewed
  • Written determination issued with appeal rights

The adjudication process requires detailed fact-finding and can include information provided by both the claimant and the separating employer. Claims are adjudicated in the order in which they are received.

Claimants can expect to hear from a fact-finder/adjudicator if more information is required to make a fair and impartial determination. Final determinations are mailed to all interested parties via U.S. Postal Service.

Important: The adjudication process is separate from the unemployment insurance benefits program. Customer representatives within the UI Claimant Assistance Center do not have access to adjudication information.

Source: Vermont Department of Labor Claims Adjudication Process

Continuing to File During Processing

Claimants must continue to file weekly claims even if monetary or non-monetary determinations are pending. Failure to file weekly claims during processing may result in loss of benefits for those weeks, even if the claim is ultimately approved.

Source: Vermont Department of Labor guidance

Reasons an Unemployment Claim May Be Denied

Monetary Denial

Claims denied for insufficient wages occur when:

  • Total base period wages below minimum thresholds
  • Insufficient wages in required quarters
  • High quarter wages below minimum
  • Failure to meet 40% requirement in remaining quarters
  • Wages in only one quarter (if applicable)

Claimants who do not qualify under the standard base period may qualify under alternative base period methods (Methods Two, Three, or Four).

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1340; Vermont Department of Labor calculating benefits

Non-Monetary Denial (Disqualifications)

1. Voluntary quit without good cause

Disqualification period: Until starting new employment, earning six times weekly benefit amount, and becoming unemployed through no fault of own.

2. Discharge for misconduct

Simple misconduct: 10 weeks disqualification plus maximum duration capped at 23 full weeks.

Gross misconduct: Disqualified until starting new employment, earning six times weekly benefit amount, and becoming unemployed through no fault of own. Wages from separating employer cannot be used for benefit calculation.

3. Refusal of suitable work

Disqualification for refusing suitable employment without good cause.

4. Failure to meet availability requirements

Disqualification until requirements met (able and available for work).

5. Work search non-compliance

Failure to conduct and report required work search activities results in denial of benefits for the week(s) of non-compliance.

6. Labor dispute participation

Disqualification during period of labor dispute involvement unless exempted.

7. Receiving disqualifying payments

Benefits denied for weeks when receiving certain types of remuneration that disqualify eligibility.

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1344 (disqualification provisions); Vermont Department of Labor adjudication information

Administrative Denial

Claims may be denied for:

  • Incomplete application
  • Failure to provide required documentation
  • Missed fact-finding interview
  • Identity verification failure
  • Non-response to Department requests
  • Failure to register in Vermont JobLink

Source: Vermont Department of Labor processing requirements

How to Appeal an Unemployment Decision in Vermont

Appeal Deadlines

Filing deadline: 30 days from the date the determination was mailed

CRITICAL: Appeals must be filed within 30 days of the date the determination was mailed (shown on notice), NOT the date received.

Calculation example: If determination mailed January 15, 2026, appeal deadline is February 14, 2026.

Postmark rule: Appeals mailed must be postmarked on or before deadline.

Late appeals: May be accepted for good cause. Claimants must explain reason for late filing and provide supporting documentation. The burden of proof for establishing good cause rests with the appealing party.

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1348; Vermont Department of Labor Claimant Appeal Information

Appeal Filing Process

How to file appeal:

Online: Through Vermont DOL system (method available)
Mail: Vermont Department of Labor, Appeals Office, P.O. Box 488, Montpelier, VT 05601-0488
Fax: (802) 828-4289
In-person: Vermont Department of Labor offices

Required information:

  • Claimant name and Social Security number
  • Determination or decision being appealed (include document number if available)
  • Reason for disagreement with determination
  • Signature and date

An appeal must be in writing and submitted to the Department within the timeframe specified in the determination or decision.

Confirmation: Appealing parties may keep copies of all appeal documents submitted.

Continue filing weekly claims: Claimants must continue to file weekly claims while appeal is pending. Filing each week ensures payment if the appeal is successful. If claimants don’t file claims for benefits while appeal is pending, they won’t be paid for the weeks during which they failed to file a claim, even if the appeal is successful.

Source: Vermont Department of Labor Claimant Appeal Information; Vermont Claimant Handbook

Three Levels of Appeal

Level 1: Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) Hearing

The first level of appeal is a de novo review before an Administrative Law Judge (also called appeals referee). The ALJ reviews the case as if no prior decision had been made and is not bound by earlier findings or determinations.

Notice of Hearing: Provides information about:

  • Date and time of hearing
  • Hearing method (telephone conference)
  • Parties involved
  • Issues to be decided
  • Instructions for submitting evidence

Evidence submission:

  • Mail or fax documents to Appeals Office at (802) 828-4289
  • Send copies to all parties (employer if applicable)
  • Submit immediately following receipt of Notice of Hearing
  • Documents must be received no less than 24 business hours before hearing

Hearing format:

  • Type: Telephone conference
  • Officer: Administrative Law Judge (ALJ)/Appeals Referee
  • Recording: Hearing is recorded for appeal purposes
  • Representation: Parties may represent themselves or retain attorney

Hearing procedures:

  1. ALJ explains process and issues
  2. Parties sworn in under oath
  3. Testimony taken (claimant first, then employer if present)
  4. Evidence reviewed and discussed
  5. Witnesses questioned
  6. Parties may present arguments
  7. Hearing concluded

Important: The appeal hearing is the ONLY opportunity to present sworn testimony and introduce documents as exhibits. Despite previous submissions or conversations with Department staff, this is the critical stage for presenting evidence.

Witnesses and subpoenas:

  • Try to have all witnesses available at one location during hearing
  • Subpoenas may be issued if witnesses unwilling to participate voluntarily
  • Witnesses provide testimony under oath

Decision: Written decision issued and mailed to all parties. Decision includes:

  • Findings of fact based on evidence presented
  • Conclusions of law
  • Decision and reasoning
  • Appeal rights to next level

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1348; Vermont Department of Labor Claimant Appeal Information

Level 2: Vermont Employment Security Board

If a party disagrees with the ALJ decision, an appeal may be filed with the Vermont Employment Security Board.

Filing deadline: Must be filed within time specified in ALJ decision (typically 30 days)

Method: Written appeal to Employment Security Board

Review type: The Board reviews the record from the ALJ hearing. Typically no new hearing is conducted, though the Board may hold hearings if deemed necessary.

Decision timeline: Variable depending on case complexity

Board composition: Three members appointed by the Governor with advice and consent of Senate. The Commissioner of Labor serves as Chair ex officio.

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1349; Vermont Administrative Rules

Level 3: Judicial Appeal (Vermont Supreme Court)

Final administrative decisions may be appealed to Vermont courts.

Filing deadline: Must be filed within time specified in Board decision

Jurisdiction: Superior Court or Vermont Supreme Court depending on proceeding type

Representation: Legal counsel available for judicial appeals

Standard of review: Courts review whether Board decision was supported by evidence and consistent with law

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1353; Vermont statutes

Appeal Hearing Preparation

Do I need a lawyer?

Hearings are designed to permit anyone to represent themselves or another party. However, claimants may wish to consult an attorney if:

  • Issues are complex
  • Other party has an attorney
  • Claimant has difficulty presenting case

Evaluate and prepare evidence:

  • Gather all relevant documents
  • Organize evidence logically
  • Identify witnesses who can support claim
  • Prepare clear explanation of facts
  • Review determination and identify key issues

Participation importance: Administrative Law Judges make decisions based on information presented during the hearing. If only one party participates, the ALJ will likely have no option but to rule in favor of the party that participates. Participation in the appeals process is the best way to ensure interests are protected.

Postponement requests: Requests to postpone hearing must show good cause and are made as soon as need becomes apparent.

Withdrawal of appeal: Appeals may be withdrawn before hearing, but withdrawal is typically final.

Source: Vermont Department of Labor Claimant Appeal Information; Vermont Claimant Handbook

Appeal Process Timeline

The appeals process is separate from the unemployment insurance benefits program. Customer representatives within the UI Claimant Assistance Center do not have access to appeal information.

Hearings are scheduled in the order in which appeals are received. Claimants can expect to receive a formal hearing notice and exhibits once a hearing has been scheduled. Hearing notices and exhibits are mailed to all interested parties via U.S. Postal Service.

When receiving the hearing notice, claimants must read it carefully and follow all instructions.

Source: Vermont Department of Labor Appealing UI Claim Determinations

Unemployment Fraud, Penalties, and Overpayments

Fraud Definition

According to 21 V.S.A. § 1347, unemployment insurance fraud occurs when someone intentionally misrepresents or fails to disclose a material fact with respect to their claim for benefits. Vermont law broadly defines fraud-related activities across multiple statutes.

Common fraud examples:

  • Failing to report work or earnings while certifying
  • Providing false information about job separation
  • Claiming benefits while incarcerated
  • Using another person’s identity to obtain benefits
  • Not reporting job refusals or offers
  • Filing claims in multiple states simultaneously
  • Failing to disclose disqualifying remuneration
  • Making material misstatements on weekly certifications

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1347; 21 V.S.A. § 1368; Vermont Department of Labor Fraud page

Penalties for Fraud

Administrative penalties:

Claimants found to have committed fraud must repay benefits received AND face additional consequences:

Repayment: 100% of fraudulently obtained benefits must be repaid to the Unemployment Insurance Fund.

Additional penalty: 15% of the amount of overpaid benefits for intentional misrepresentation or failure to disclose material facts.

Penalty weeks (disqualification): When the Commissioner finds intentional misrepresentation or failure to disclose material facts, and the person is not prosecuted under criminal provisions, the person is disqualified and not entitled to receive benefits to which they would otherwise be entitled. Penalty weeks may be assessed, during which no benefits are paid even if weekly claims are filed.

Interest charges: May be assessed on unpaid balances

Collection methods:

  • Offset from future unemployment benefits
  • Federal and state tax refund intercept
  • Civil action in Vermont district or superior court
  • Wage garnishment (if authorized)
  • Collection agency referral

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1347; Vermont Department of Labor Fraud information

Criminal Penalties

Vermont law establishes criminal penalties for unemployment fraud:

21 V.S.A. § 1368 – False statements to increase payments: Any person who makes a false statement or representation knowing it to be false, or who knowingly fails to disclose a material fact to obtain or increase unemployment benefits or payments is subject to criminal prosecution.

21 V.S.A. § 1369 – False statements to avoid obligations: Criminal penalties apply to false statements made to avoid program obligations.

Penalties vary based on:

  • Amount of fraudulent benefits
  • Intent and circumstances
  • Prior violations

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1368; 21 V.S.A. § 1369

Non-Fraud Overpayments

Overpayments may occur without fraudulent intent due to:

  • Agency error in processing
  • Delayed employer information
  • Reversed determination on appeal
  • Good faith mistake by claimant
  • Failure to report earnings without intent to defraud

Repayment obligation:

Non-fraud overpayments must be repaid to the Department. According to 21 V.S.A. § 1347, any person who receives benefits while conditions for receipt were not fulfilled or while disqualified shall be liable for repayment, irrespective of whether such nondisclosure or misrepresentation was known or fraudulent.

No additional penalty or interest for non-fraud overpayments (no 15% penalty)

Overpayment waiver:

21 V.S.A. § 1347 currently does not provide the Commissioner with authority to waive or reduce an individual’s liability to repay overpaid amounts. All overpayments must be repaid in full. However, legislative discussions have occurred regarding potential waiver authority for non-fraud overpayments where the individual is without fault and repayment would be against equity and good conscience.

Repayment options:

  • Lump sum payment
  • Payment plan arrangements
  • Offset from future benefits (up to 50% of weekly benefit amount under current law)
  • Federal/state tax refund intercept

Source: 21 V.S.A. § 1347; Vermont Unemployment Insurance Study Committee report

Reporting Fraud

Vermont Department of Labor Fraud Hotline: Fraud can be reported through the Vermont Department of Labor website or by contacting the Department.

Website: https://labor.vermont.gov/unemployment-insurance/fraud

Individuals who suspect unemployment insurance fraud may report it to the Vermont Department of Labor to help protect the integrity of the program.

Source: Vermont Department of Labor

Taxation of Unemployment Benefits in Vermont

Federal Tax Treatment

Federal taxation:

Unemployment benefits are taxable income under federal law (26 U.S.C. § 85). Claimants receive Form 1099-G by January 31 showing:

  • Box 1: Total unemployment compensation paid during the tax year
  • Box 4: Federal income tax withheld (if any)

Withholding option:

Claimants may request federal income tax withholding at 10% of weekly benefit amount. This can be set up or changed through the claimant portal or by contacting the Department.

Reporting requirement:

All unemployment benefits must be reported as income on federal tax returns, even if taxes were not withheld.

Source: IRS Publication 525; 26 U.S.C. § 85
IRS unemployment information: https://www.irs.gov/individuals/employees/unemployment-compensation

Vermont State Tax Treatment

Vermont taxation:

Unemployment benefits are taxable for Vermont income tax purposes. Vermont follows federal tax treatment of unemployment compensation.

State withholding:

Claimants may request Vermont income tax withholding on their unemployment benefits. The Vermont withholding rate can be selected when setting up tax withholding preferences.

Form 1099-G Box 11: Shows Vermont state tax withheld (if any)

Reporting requirement:

Unemployment compensation must be reported on Vermont state income tax returns.

Source: Vermont Department of Taxes; Vermont income tax law

Form 1099-G

Form 1099-G distribution:

The Vermont Department of Labor issues Form 1099-G by January 31 each year for benefits paid in the prior calendar year.

Access methods:

  • Mailed to address on file with the Department
  • Online through Vermont DOL Claimant Portal
  • By phone through Claimant Assistance Line: 1-877-214-3332

Incorrect 1099-G:

If Form 1099-G shows incorrect amounts or benefits the claimant did not receive:

Identity theft and fraudulent claims have resulted in some individuals receiving 1099-G forms for benefits they did not receive. These situations must be reported to the Department immediately.

Source: Vermont Department of Labor 1099-G information; IRS requirements

Special Unemployment Programs in Vermont

Currently Active Programs (2026)

Extended Benefits (EB)

Program status (2026): Inactive

Extended Benefits provide additional weeks of unemployment compensation when Vermont’s unemployment rate meets federal trigger criteria.

Trigger requirements:

  • Insured Unemployment Rate (IUR) exceeds 5% and is 120% of average for prior two years, OR
  • Total Unemployment Rate (TUR) exceeds 6.5% and is 110% of average for prior two years

Additional weeks available: Up to 13 weeks beyond standard duration when triggered

Current status verification:
Vermont’s unemployment rate as of November 2025 was 2.6%, well below Extended Benefits trigger thresholds.

EB status page: https://oui.doleta.gov/unemploy/eb.asp

Source: Extended Unemployment Compensation Act (EUCA) § 202; 21 V.S.A. provisions; U.S. Department of Labor

Shared Work Program

Program status: Not currently available

Vermont does not operate a Shared Work or Short-Time Compensation program as of 2026. Some states offer such programs to allow employers to reduce employee hours instead of layoffs, with employees receiving partial unemployment benefits.

Source: U.S. Department of Labor state program directory
Verified: January 29, 2026

Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA)

TAA program: Active (federal program)

Workers who lose jobs due to foreign trade may qualify for:

  • Extended unemployment benefits beyond standard duration
  • Job training funding
  • Job search allowances
  • Relocation allowances

Eligibility: Employer must be certified by U.S. Department of Labor as trade-affected.

Vermont TAA information:
Vermont Department of Labor coordinates TAA services. Contact the Department for information about trade-affected employers and TAA eligibility.

Phone: 1-877-214-3332

Source: Trade Act of 1974, 19 U.S.C. § 2271
DOL TAA information: https://www.dol.gov/agencies/eta/tradeact

Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA)

DUA availability: Available during federally declared disasters

Provides benefits to individuals who lost employment due to major disaster and are not eligible for regular unemployment insurance.

Activation: Only during presidentially declared major disasters affecting Vermont

Application: Through Vermont Department of Labor when disasters declared

Duration: Up to 26 weeks of benefits

Eligibility: Individuals whose unemployment is a direct result of the major disaster and who are not eligible for regular state unemployment insurance benefits.

Source: Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief Act, 42 U.S.C. § 5177
FEMA DUA information: https://www.fema.gov/assistance/individual/program

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE)

Program: Active

Federal civilian employees who become unemployed are covered under the UCFE program rather than state unemployment insurance. Benefits are paid by states as agents of the federal government, with benefit rights determined by federal law.

Eligibility: Former federal civilian employees

Filing: Through Vermont Department of Labor using same process as regular unemployment claims

Federal program information: https://oui.doleta.gov/unemploy/ucfe_serco.asp

Source: 5 U.S.C. § 8501

Unemployment Compensation for Ex-Servicemembers (UCX)

Program: Active

Military personnel who separate from service are covered under the UCX program. Benefits are paid by states as agents of the federal government.

Eligibility: Ex-servicemembers separating from military service

Filing: Through Vermont Department of Labor

Required documentation: DD Form 214 (Member 4 copy)

Federal program information: https://oui.doleta.gov/unemploy/ucx_serco.asp

Source: 5 U.S.C. § 8521

Context: Vermont Compared to National Benchmarks

Vermont benefit levels in national context (2026):

  • Maximum WBA: $705 (among highest 15 states)
  • Duration: 26 weeks (standard national norm)
  • Unique features: Phone-based initial claims filing; no waiting week; variable duration based on base period wages or misconduct findings

National range:

  • Highest maximum WBA: Massachusetts ($1,015)
  • Lowest maximum WBA: Mississippi ($235)
  • Most common duration: 26 weeks

Vermont’s maximum weekly benefit amount of $705 places it above the national average, providing relatively strong wage replacement for eligible workers. The state’s requirement for phone-based initial claims filing is unique among states.

For comprehensive state-by-state comparisons: U.S. DOL Comparison: https://oui.doleta.gov/unemploy/content/sigpros.asp

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Comparison of State UI Laws 2026

Resources

Vermont Department of Labor:

Unemployment claims (individuals):

Appeals office:

  • Fax: (802) 828-4289
  • Mail: Vermont Department of Labor, Appeals Office, P.O. Box 488, Montpelier, VT 05601-0488

Fraud reporting:

Vermont JobLink (job search):

Federal resources:

Vermont Legislature:

Frequently Asked Questions: Vermont Unemployment Benefits 2026

What are unemployment benefits in Vermont?

Unemployment benefits in Vermont provide temporary income replacement for eligible workers who lose employment through no fault of their own. The program is administered by the Vermont Department of Labor and funded entirely through employer taxes. Benefits provide partial wage replacement for up to 26 weeks while claimants actively search for new employment.

How much can I receive in unemployment benefits in Vermont?

Vermont unemployment benefits range from $72 to $705 per week for 2026. The weekly benefit amount is calculated by dividing total wages from the two highest quarters in the base period by 45. Maximum benefits for a 26-week period can reach approximately $18,330 for those qualifying for the maximum weekly amount.

How long does it take to get unemployment benefits in Vermont?

After filing an initial claim by phone, claimants typically receive a monetary determination within 7-10 days. If no eligibility issues exist, the first payment is usually received 3-4 weeks after filing. When adjudication is required for eligibility questions, the process can take 60-90 days. Claimants must file weekly certifications to receive payments.

Can I work part-time and still receive unemployment in Vermont?

Vermont allows claimants to work part-time and receive partial unemployment benefits. The state disregards one-half of gross wages when calculating partial benefits, meaning earnings up to certain thresholds do not completely eliminate benefits. All earnings must be reported when filing weekly claims. Part-time work counts as one of the three required weekly work search contacts.

What disqualifies you from unemployment in Vermont?

Disqualifications include: voluntary quit without good cause attributable to the employer; discharge for simple misconduct (10 weeks disqualification plus benefit duration cap); discharge for gross misconduct (indefinite disqualification); refusal of suitable work; failure to actively search for work; participation in labor disputes; and receiving disqualifying remuneration. Each disqualification has specific requalification requirements.

How do I file for unemployment in Vermont?

Initial claims must be filed by phone at 1-877-214-3330 during business hours (Monday-Thursday 8:30am-4:00pm, Friday 9:00am-4:00pm). After the initial claim is established, weekly claims can be filed online through the Vermont DOL Claimant Portal or by phone at 1-800-983-2300. An email address is required to establish an initial claim.

Are unemployment benefits taxable in Vermont?

Vermont unemployment benefits are taxable for both federal and Vermont state income tax purposes. Claimants receive Form 1099-G by January 31 showing total benefits paid. Voluntary tax withholding is available at 10% for federal taxes and at Vermont rates for state taxes. All unemployment compensation must be reported on tax returns.

How do I appeal an unemployment denial in Vermont?

Appeals must be filed in writing within 30 days from the date the determination was mailed. File by mail, fax (802-828-4289), or through the Vermont DOL system. Include your name, Social Security number, the determination being appealed, and reason for disagreement. Continue filing weekly claims during the appeal process. The first appeal level is a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge conducted by telephone.

What are the work search requirements in Vermont?

Claimants must conduct and report three qualified job contacts each week. Qualifying activities include submitting job applications, attending interviews, requesting interviews, and contacting employers about positions. Work search information must be entered when filing weekly claims online. Records must be maintained for one year for potential audit. Exemptions apply for certain situations including temporary layoff with recall date and approved training programs.

What happens if I receive unemployment benefits incorrectly?

Overpayments must be repaid to the Vermont Department of Labor regardless of whether the error was intentional. Non-fraud overpayments require repayment of benefits received. Fraud overpayments require repayment plus an additional 15% penalty and may result in disqualification from future benefits, criminal prosecution, and other penalties. The state can offset future benefits, intercept tax refunds, and pursue civil collection actions.

Do I need to register with Vermont JobLink?

Registration with Vermont JobLink at www.vermontjoblink.com is required for all unemployment claimants. Failure to register as directed may result in delayed or denied benefits. Registration can be completed online or with assistance from Vermont Department of Labor Career Resource Centers.

How does Vermont define suitable work?

Suitable work is employment claimants are qualified to perform based on skills, experience, and employment history, paying at least the prevailing wage for that job type in the local labor market. Initially, claimants are expected to accept positions offering up to 10% less than previous wages. As unemployment lengthens, lower-paying positions become more suitable and work searches must become more intensive.

Others

Kansas
West Virginia
Oklahoma
Nebraska
Delaware
Arkansas
Kentucky
Indiana
Nevada
Montana
North Dakota

Legal Disclaimer: Nature of This Compilation This document is a compilation of publicly available information from official government sources. It is NOT: Legal advice An interpretation of laws or regulations A substitute for consultation with a licensed attorney A comprehensive treatment of all applicable laws Guaranteed to be complete or current