Social Security Calculator 2026 & 2027 — Retirement, Spousal & Tax Estimate
How much Social Security will you receive at 62, 67, or 70? This free calculator applies the official SSA benefit formula with either the 2026 rules or the 2027 rules announced on October 14, 2026: a 3.6% cost-of-living adjustment for 2027 (2.8% in 2026), a taxable maximum of $192,300 (up from $184,500), and new bend points of $1,340 and $8,077. It estimates your monthly retirement benefit at every claiming age, compares spousal and divorced-spouse benefits, shows how much of your benefits may be taxable, and how the earnings test affects payments if you keep working before full retirement age.
How Social Security Retirement Benefits Are Calculated
Social Security retirement benefits are based on a formula the Social Security Administration applies to a worker’s earnings history. The three inputs that determine the benefit amount are: the 35 highest-earning years (adjusted for national wage growth), the year the worker turns 62 (which locks in the formula’s dollar thresholds), and the age at which benefits are claimed.
The calculation follows this sequence:
Step 1 — Average Indexed Monthly Earnings (AIME). The SSA takes each year of covered earnings, adjusts (“indexes”) earlier years upward using the National Average Wage Index to reflect wage growth, selects the 35 highest years, totals them, and divides by 420 months. The result is the AIME. Workers with fewer than 35 years of earnings have $0 substituted for the missing years, which lowers the average.
Step 2 — Primary Insurance Amount (PIA). The SSA applies a progressive, three-bracket formula to the AIME. For workers first eligible in 2026 (born in 1964 for retirement purposes), the formula is:
- 90% of the first $1,286 of AIME
- 32% of AIME between $1,286 and $7,749
- 15% of AIME above $7,749
The dollar amounts ($1,286 and $7,749) are called “bend points” and are set annually by the SSA based on changes in the national average wage. For workers first eligible in 2027 (born in 1965), the bend points are $1,340 and $8,077. The PIA is truncated (rounded down) to the nearest $0.10, per SSA rules. The PIA represents the monthly benefit a worker receives if they claim exactly at full retirement age.
Step 3 — Adjustment for claiming age. Claiming before full retirement age permanently reduces the benefit. Claiming after full retirement age increases it through delayed retirement credits. These adjustments are detailed in the sections below.
Source: SSA — Primary Insurance Amount Formula, SSA — Bend Points
How Much Social Security Will I Get at 62, 65, 67, and 70?
The monthly benefit amount depends entirely on when benefits are claimed relative to full retirement age. The SSA applies a permanent reduction for early claiming and a permanent increase (delayed retirement credits) for late claiming.
Early claiming reductions (before FRA):
- For each of the first 36 months before FRA: benefit is reduced by 5/9 of 1% per month
- For each additional month beyond 36: reduced by 5/12 of 1% per month
- Claiming at 62 with a FRA of 67 results in a 30% permanent reduction
Delayed retirement credits (after FRA):
- 8% increase per year (2/3 of 1% per month) for each year benefits are delayed past FRA
- Credits stop accumulating at age 70
- Claiming at 70 with a FRA of 67 results in a 24% increase over the FRA amount
| Claiming Age | Adjustment (FRA = 67) | Example: $2,500 PIA |
|---|---|---|
| 62 | -30.0% | $1,750/month |
| 63 | -25.0% | $1,875/month |
| 64 | -20.0% | $2,000/month |
| 65 | -13.3% | $2,167/month |
| 66 | -6.7% | $2,333/month |
| 67 (FRA) | 0% | $2,500/month |
| 68 | +8.0% | $2,700/month |
| 69 | +16.0% | $2,900/month |
| 70 | +24.0% | $3,100/month |
The difference between claiming at 62 and claiming at 70 is approximately 77% in monthly benefit amount. Once a claiming age is selected and benefits begin, the adjustment is permanent — it does not change when the recipient reaches full retirement age.
Source: SSA — Effect of Early or Late Retirement on Benefits, SSA — Delayed Retirement Credits
Full Retirement Age by Birth Year
Full retirement age (FRA) is the age at which a worker qualifies for 100% of their PIA — neither reduced for early retirement nor increased for delayed retirement. The FRA depends on the year of birth:
| Birth Year | Full Retirement Age |
|---|---|
| 1943–1954 | 66 |
| 1955 | 66 and 2 months |
| 1956 | 66 and 4 months |
| 1957 | 66 and 6 months |
| 1958 | 66 and 8 months |
| 1959 | 66 and 10 months |
| 1960 or later | 67 |
For anyone born in 1960 or later — which includes most people currently planning for retirement — the FRA is 67. The earliest age to claim retirement benefits remains 62.
Source: SSA — Full Retirement Age
Social Security Spousal Benefits — How They Work
A spouse (or qualifying ex-spouse) can receive a benefit based on the other spouse’s earnings record. The maximum spousal benefit at full retirement age is 50% of the higher-earning spouse’s PIA.
Key rules for spousal benefits:
The spousal benefit is available beginning at age 62, but claiming before FRA permanently reduces it. Unlike individual retirement benefits, spousal benefits do not increase with delayed retirement credits after FRA — the maximum is reached at FRA and does not grow further by waiting until 70.
If a person qualifies for both their own retirement benefit and a spousal benefit, the SSA pays the higher of the two amounts. For a lower-earning spouse, the spousal benefit may be larger than their own earned benefit, particularly if there is a significant income disparity between spouses.
Eligibility requirements for spousal benefits:
- The marriage must have lasted at least 1 year (or the couple has a child together)
- The applicant must be at least 62
- The worker (higher earner) must have filed for their own retirement benefit
Source: SSA — Benefits for Spouses
Divorced-Spouse Social Security Benefits
A divorced individual can receive benefits based on a former spouse’s earnings record if specific conditions are met. The calculation is the same as for current spousal benefits — up to 50% of the ex-spouse’s PIA at the applicant’s full retirement age.
Eligibility requirements:
- The marriage lasted at least 10 years
- The applicant is currently unmarried (exception: remarriage after age 60 does not disqualify)
- The applicant is at least 62
- If the divorce has been final for at least 2 years, the ex-spouse does not need to have filed for benefits — but the ex-spouse must be eligible for benefits (i.e., at least 62 with sufficient work credits)
Important details:
Receiving divorced-spouse benefits does not reduce the ex-spouse’s own benefit or affect any benefits their current spouse receives. The ex-spouse is not notified when a former partner files for divorced-spouse benefits.
As of December 2023 (the most recent SSA data available), approximately 641,000 individuals were receiving spousal or survivor benefits on the earnings record of a former spouse, with women accounting for approximately 95% of those recipients.
Source: SSA — If You Are Divorced
How Social Security Benefits Are Taxed (2026 and 2027 Thresholds)
Up to 85% of Social Security benefits may be subject to federal income tax, depending on the recipient’s “combined income.” The IRS defines combined income as:
Combined Income = Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) + Nontaxable Interest + 50% of Social Security Benefits
Nontaxable interest — such as interest from municipal bonds — is excluded from AGI but is added separately to the combined income formula. Roth IRA withdrawals are not included in combined income.
| Taxation thresholds, 2026 and 2027 (fixed by law, not indexed): | ||
|---|---|---|
| Filing Status | Combined Income | Taxable Portion |
| Single / Head of Household / MFS living apart all year | Up to $25,000 | 0% of benefits taxed |
| Single / Head of Household / MFS living apart all year | $25,001 – $34,000 | Up to 50% of benefits taxed |
| Single / Head of Household / MFS living apart all year | Above $34,000 | Up to 85% of benefits taxed |
| Married Filing Jointly | Up to $32,000 | 0% of benefits taxed |
| Married Filing Jointly | $32,001 – $44,000 | Up to 50% of benefits taxed |
| Married Filing Jointly | Above $44,000 | Up to 85% of benefits taxed |
| Married Filing Separately, lived with spouse at any time | Base amount $0 | Up to 85% of benefits taxed |
These dollar thresholds are written into the tax code (26 U.S.C. §86) and the law does not index them for inflation, so they are the same in 2026 and 2027. Because wages and retirement account balances keep growing while the thresholds stay fixed, a growing percentage of Social Security recipients have a portion of their benefits subject to taxation each year.
Sources of income that can push combined income above the thresholds include: 401(k) and traditional IRA withdrawals, pension and annuity payments, wages and self-employment income, taxable interest, dividends, capital gains, and rental income.
Source: IRS Publication 915 — Social Security and Equivalent Railroad Retirement Benefits
Working While Collecting Social Security — The Earnings Test (2026 and 2027)
The Social Security earnings test applies to individuals who receive retirement benefits before reaching full retirement age and continue to earn income from work. Benefits are temporarily reduced based on earnings that exceed an annual threshold.
| Earnings test thresholds, 2026 and 2027: | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Situation | 2026 Limit | 2027 Limit | Withholding Rate |
| Under FRA for the entire year | $24,480 ($2,040/month) | $25,560 ($2,130/month) | $1 withheld for every $2 earned above the limit |
| Year in which FRA is reached (months before FRA only) | $65,160 ($5,430/month) | $67,920 ($5,660/month) | $1 withheld for every $3 earned above the limit |
| Month of FRA and all months after | No limit | No limit | No withholding |
| Source | SSA 2027 COLA fact sheet | ||
What counts as earnings: The earnings test counts only wages from employment and net self-employment income. It does not count pensions, annuities, investment income, interest, dividends, capital gains, government benefits, or retirement account withdrawals.
Benefits withheld are not lost permanently. After reaching full retirement age, the SSA recalculates the monthly benefit to account for the months in which benefits were withheld, resulting in a higher monthly payment going forward. The SSA describes this as an adjustment, not a refund — the increased monthly amount continues for the remainder of the recipient’s lifetime.
Social Security Key Figures: 2026 and 2027
| Social Security Key Figures (2027 values apply from January 1, 2027) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Parameter | 2026 | 2027 |
| Cost-of-Living Adjustment (COLA) | 2.8% | 3.6% |
| Taxable Earnings Cap (Social Security) | $184,500 | $192,300 |
| Maximum Benefit at Full Retirement Age | $4,152/month | $4,188/month |
| Maximum Benefit at Age 70 (retiring in January) | $5,181/month | $5,358/month |
| PIA Bend Points (year first eligible) | $1,286 / $7,749 | $1,340 / $8,077 |
| Earnings Per Credit (quarter of coverage) | $1,890 | $1,970 |
| Credits Required for Retirement Benefits | 40 credits | 40 credits |
| Employee Tax Rate (Social Security / Medicare) | 6.2% / 1.45% | 6.2% / 1.45% |
| Self-Employed Tax Rate (total) | 15.3% | 15.3% |
| Earnings Test Limit (under FRA) | $24,480/year | $25,560/year |
| Earnings Test Limit (year of FRA) | $65,160/year | $67,920/year |
| Substantial Gainful Activity (non-blind / blind) | $1,690 / $2,830 per month | $1,770 / $2,950 per month |
| SSI Federal Payment (individual / couple) | $994 / $1,491 per month | $1,029 / $1,544 per month |
| Average Retired-Worker Benefit (SSA estimate, Jan. 2027) | $2,095 before the 2027 COLA | $2,170 after the 2027 COLA |
| Sources | SSA 2027 COLA fact sheet · SSA bend points · SSA maximum benefits | |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the maximum Social Security benefit in 2026 and 2027?
The maximum monthly Social Security retirement benefit in 2026 is $5,181 for a worker who claims at age 70 in January, and $4,152 at full retirement age. In 2027 the maximums are $5,358 at age 70 and $4,188 at full retirement age (67 for those born in 1960 or later), according to the SSA 2027 fact sheet and SSA maximum-benefit table. Reaching the maximum requires earning at or above the taxable earnings cap ($184,500 in 2026, $192,300 in 2027) every year from age 22.
How many years of work are needed to qualify for Social Security?
A minimum of 40 credits (approximately 10 years of work) is required to qualify for retirement benefits. In 2026, one credit is earned for every $1,890 in covered earnings ($1,970 in 2027), up to four credits per year. Workers with fewer than 35 years of earnings will have $0 averaged in for the missing years, which reduces the benefit.
Does Social Security count self-employment income?
Yes. Self-employment income is subject to the 12.4% Social Security tax (the combined employee and employer share) and counts toward both credits and benefit calculations. Self-employed individuals report this on Schedule SE of their federal tax return.
Can I collect spousal benefits and my own retirement benefit at the same time?
The SSA pays the higher of the two amounts, not both. If the spousal benefit (up to 50% of the higher-earning spouse’s PIA) exceeds the individual’s own earned benefit, the individual effectively receives the spousal amount. There is no “double-dipping” — only the larger benefit applies.
What happens to Social Security if my spouse dies?
A surviving spouse may be eligible for survivor benefits, which can be up to 100% of the deceased spouse’s benefit amount (compared to the 50% cap for spousal benefits while both spouses are living). Survivor benefits are available as early as age 60 (age 50 if disabled). The surviving spouse receives whichever is higher: their own benefit or the survivor benefit.
Are Social Security benefits adjusted for inflation?
Yes. The SSA applies a Cost-of-Living Adjustment (COLA) each year based on the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W). The 2026 COLA is 2.8%, applied to benefits beginning in December 2025. The 2027 COLA, announced on October 14, 2026, is 3.6%: Social Security benefits increase starting in January 2027 and SSI payments starting December 31, 2026. SSA estimates the average retirement benefit rises by about $75 a month.
Do all states tax Social Security benefits?
Federal taxation applies based on combined income (see thresholds above). At the state level, most states do not tax Social Security benefits. As of 2026, a small number of states apply some level of state income tax to Social Security — the rules and exemptions vary by state. Federal thresholds ($25,000/$34,000 single, $32,000/$44,000 married) apply regardless of state.
What is the break-even age for delaying Social Security?
The break-even age is the point at which total cumulative benefits from a later claiming age exceed the total from an earlier claiming age. For a worker comparing claiming at 62 versus 67 (FRA), the break-even point is typically around age 78–80. Comparing FRA to age 70, the break-even is typically around age 80–83. Actual break-even depends on the specific benefit amounts and is shown in the calculator’s cumulative chart.
Can I undo my Social Security claim if I change my mind?
The SSA allows a one-time withdrawal of a Social Security application within 12 months of the first payment. All benefits received must be repaid. After that 12-month window, the decision is permanent. A separate option — suspending benefits — is available between FRA and age 70 to earn delayed retirement credits.
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This calculator and page were updated on November 9, 2026 with the 2027 figures published by the SSA on October 14, 2026; 2026 figures remain available until the 2027 values take effect on January 1, 2027. Estimates are based on SSA formulas, bend points, COLA, and IRS thresholds. Actual benefits depend on complete individual earnings history and SSA determination. This tool does not constitute financial, tax, or legal advice. For official benefit estimates, create a my Social Security account at ssa.gov.
Sources: SSA Primary Insurance Amount Formula, SSA Bend Points, SSA Full Retirement Age, SSA Delayed Retirement Credits, SSA Earnings Test, SSA 2026 COLA Fact Sheet, SSA 2027 COLA Fact Sheet, SSA Maximum Benefits, SSA Spousal Benefits, SSA Benefits for Divorced Spouses, SSA Average Wage Index, IRS Publication 915, SSA Contribution and Benefit Base.